GPURenderPipeline

GPURenderPipeline 用 device.createRenderPipeline(descriptor) 创建。异步版本是 createRenderPipelineAsync()。两者都会在描述符不合法时产生校验错误；异步版本把创建失败放进返回的 Promise。

interface GPURenderPipelineDescriptor {
  label?: string;
  layout: GPUPipelineLayout | "auto";
  vertex: GPUVertexState;
  primitive?: GPUPrimitiveState;
  depthStencil?: GPUDepthStencilState;
  multisample?: GPUMultisampleState;
  fragment?: GPUFragmentState;
}

管线继承 getBindGroupLayout(index)。

顶点状态

interface GPUVertexState {
  module: GPUShaderModule;
  entryPoint?: string;
  constants?: Record<string, number>;
  buffers?: (GPUVertexBufferLayout | null)[];
}

interface GPUVertexBufferLayout {
  arrayStride: GPUSize64;
  stepMode?: "vertex" | "instance"; // 默认 "vertex"
  attributes: GPUVertexAttribute[];
}

interface GPUVertexAttribute {
  format: GPUVertexFormat;
  offset: GPUSize64;
  shaderLocation: GPUIndex32;
}

entryPoint 可以省略，前提是模块里只有一个适合该阶段的入口。arrayStride 为 0 只在没有属性时合法。属性的 offset 必须按格式的分量大小对齐，float32 分量是 4 字节。

图元和片元

interface GPUPrimitiveState {
  topology?: "point-list" | "line-list" | "line-strip" | "triangle-list" | "triangle-strip";
  stripIndexFormat?: "uint16" | "uint32";
  frontFace?: "ccw" | "cw"; // 默认 "ccw"
  cullMode?: "none" | "front" | "back"; // 默认 "none"
  unclippedDepth?: boolean; // 设为 true 需要 feature "depth-clip-control"
}

interface GPUFragmentState {
  module: GPUShaderModule;
  entryPoint?: string;
  constants?: Record<string, number>;
  targets: (GPUColorTargetState | null)[];
}

interface GPUColorTargetState {
  format: GPUTextureFormat;
  blend?: GPUBlendState;
  writeMask?: GPUColorWriteFlags; // 默认全部通道
}

省略 fragment 时不能写颜色附件。只更新深度时要同时提供 depthStencil。画到画布上时，targets[0].format 要等于 getPreferredCanvasFormat()。

格式带有深度分量时必须提供 depthWriteEnabled。depthWriteEnabled 为 true 时还必须提供 depthCompare。

深度

interface GPUDepthStencilState {
  format: GPUTextureFormat;
  depthWriteEnabled?: boolean; // 深度格式下必填
  depthCompare?: GPUCompareFunction; // depthWriteEnabled 为 true 时必填
  stencilFront?: GPUStencilFaceState;
  stencilBack?: GPUStencilFaceState;
  stencilReadMask?: GPUStencilValue;  // 默认 0xFFFFFFFF
  stencilWriteMask?: GPUStencilValue; // 默认 0xFFFFFFFF
  depthBias?: number;
  depthBiasSlopeScale?: number;
  depthBiasClamp?: number;
}

GPUCompareFunction 是 "never"、"less"、"equal"、"less-equal"、"greater"、"not-equal"、"greater-equal"、"always"。深度格式和渲染通道里的深度附件格式必须相同。

多重采样默认 count: 1。大于 1 时，颜色附件的 sampleCount 也要一致。

GPURenderPipeline

顶点状态

图元和片元

深度

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